Lanzhou, China
March 4, 2025
Multibranched (M6) and branchless (N7) watermelon plants
Scientists at the Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in China have achieved a major breakthrough in watermelon genetics with the rapid identification of candidate genes responsible for the "branchless" phenotype. Their work highlights a highly efficient, genomics-based approach that can accelerate trait-targeted breeding in watermelons and beyond.
Lateral branching is an important agronomic trait in horticulture plants. The aim of this project was to reveal the genetic mechanism, map the gene localization, and predict candidate genes of watermelon lateral branching
Using advanced bulked segregant analysis (BSA) combined with whole-genome resequencing, the research team successfully pinpointed specific gene regions associated with the branchless trait, a highly sought-after feature for enhancing crop management and productivity in watermelon cultivation. The branchless phenotype reduces the plant’s tendency to produce numerous lateral branches, allowing for more streamlined growth that is easier to manage and can lead to higher yields.
This study leveraged BSA, a cost-effective method where DNA from plants displaying and lacking the trait of interest are pooled separately for comparative analysis. The integration of whole-genome resequencing enabled the research team to scan the entire genome of the watermelon samples, identifying the regions that vary between branchless and branched types.
Identifying genes linked to the branchless trait has significant implications for breeding programs aimed at improving watermelon varieties. A branchless growth habit allows for higher-density planting, easier pest and disease management, and more efficient harvesting, contributing to increased crop productivity. This research not only offers a pathway to the commercial cultivation of more efficient watermelon varieties but also opens up new possibilities for applying similar methods to other crops where branch management is a priority.
The findings from this study may be broadly applicable across various crops, underscoring the potential for genomics and modern molecular techniques to revolutionize agriculture. As the global population continues to grow, the demand for efficient, high-yielding, and resilient crops is more pressing than ever. This study is a significant contribution toward meeting that demand.
Hong Cheng is a Professor at the Ganzu Academy of Agricultural Science in Lanzhou, China.
The full study can be found on the Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science electronic journal website at: https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS05393-24
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