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International Society for Infectious Diseases
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Date: March 2024
Source: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) Reporting Service 03/2024/049 [summ. Mod.DHA, edited]
https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/article-7799


_Potato spindle tuber viroid_ (_Pospiviroid_, PSTVd - EPPO A2 List) is first reported from Viet Nam. It was detected in 2022 during an export inspection in seeds of _Capsicum annuum_ produced in Viet Nam.

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Communicated by:
ProMED

[_Potato spindle tuber viroid_ (PSTVd; type member of genus _Pospiviroid_) is an important pathogen of solanaceous crops. Yield losses can be up to 65% in potato and up to 50% in tomato. Symptoms in potato may include spindly shoots, stunting of plants, severely distorted tubers (spindles), and delayed sprouting. In tomatoes, symptoms include leaf chlorosis and distortion, shortening of internodes, stunting of plants, and absence of flowers. Capsicum plants often display only mild symptoms. Solanaceous ornamentals and weeds are often symptomless and may serve as pathogen reservoirs for crop infections. All varieties of tomato and potato appear to be susceptible, but mild strains causing latent infections in some host cultivars exist.

PSTVd is transmitted by true seed in potato and tomato at a rate of up to 100%, depending on the host cultivar. Tomato seed is considered an international quarantine risk (ProMED post 20140122.2222560). Spread occurs also via infected plants or vegetative plant parts, pollen, mechanical means, and plant-to-plant contact. PSTVd is exceptionally stable and can persist in dried sap or plant residue for a considerable amount of time. Due to the multiple potential transmission routes and the large number of host species, both epidemiology and control of PSTVd are complicated.

Pictures
PSTVd symptoms on potato:
https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/sites/gateway/files/PSTVd%20on%20Atlantic.JPG and
http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/image/0003/583842/above-ground-symptoms-of-infected-potato.jpg (compared to healthy)
PSTVd symptoms on tomato:
http://www.forestryimages.org/images/768x512/0162082.jpg and
https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/sites/gateway/files/PSTVd%20on%20Rutgers.JPG (compared to healthy)
Photo galleries of PSTVd symptoms on potato and tomato:
http://www.forestryimages.org/browse/subimages.cfm?SUB=11936 and
https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/PSTVD0/photos
Symptoms of pospiviroids on different hosts:
https://www.ipmimages.org/search/action.cfm?q=pospiviroid

Links
Source publication:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-024-01170-8
Information on PSTVd:
https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/PSTVD0,
https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.43659,
https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/potatoes/potato-spindle-tuber-viroid and via
http://www.apsnet.org/publications/apsnetfeatures/Pages/Viroids.aspx
Seed transmission of PSTVd (and some other viroids):
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-016-0868-z
Detection methods and quarantine risk analysis of pospiviroids:
https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2330 and
https://gd.eppo.int/download/standard/258/pm9-013-1-en.pdf
PSTVd taxonomy via:
https://ictv.global/taxonomy
EPPO A2 quarantine list:
https://www.eppo.int/ACTIVITIES/plant_quarantine/A2_list
- Mod.DHA]

See Also

2023
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Potato spindle tuber viroid - Russia: (AM) 20231226.8713919
Potato spindle tuber viroid, tomato - New Zealand (02) 20230504.8709858
Potato spindle tuber viroid, tomato - New Zealand: (TS) 20230105.8707630
2022
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Potato spindle tuber viroid, tomato & capsicum - Australia: (WA) 20220412.8702559
2019
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Pospiviroids, tomato - Ghana, Mali: rasta disease 20191119.6785576
Potato diseases - Russia: survey 20190606.6506616
2018
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Potato spindle tuber viroid - Netherlands: epidemiology 20180419.5756586
2016
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Potato spindle tuber viroid, reservoir hosts - Australia: (WA) 20161206.4678068
Potato spindle tuber viroid, seed & breeding lines - Poland, Netherlands ex UK 20161020.4574403
Potato spindle tuber viroid - Netherlands: (northeast) 20160916.4491923
Potato spindle tuber viroid, capsicum - Switzerland: 1st rep (AG,ZH) 20160509.4209713
Potato spindle tuber viroid, capsicum - Netherlands: (ZH,LI) 20160422.4175522
2014
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Potato spindle tuber viroid, tomato - Dominican Republic 20140508.2460224
Potato spindle tuber viroid, tomato seed: international spread 20140122.2222560
2010
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Potato spindle tuber viroid - Russia: update 20101020.3801
and additional items on pospiviroids in the archive

Website: http://www.isid.org

Published: April 19, 2024